WRITING 3

Writing a descriptive paragraph, Identifying paragraphs with Adequate and Inadequate Unity  & Coherence.

Description

This course trains students to express themselves by means of three types of unified and coherent paragraphs, descriptive, narrative, and expository paragraphs. They learn the principles of paragraph writing through modeling, inquiry, and discovery and practice writing paragraphs as class and home assignments. The students’ achievement is assessed by means of their class attendance, activity, portfolio, mid-semester test, and semester exams.

Objectives

Students can distinguish and write narrative, descriptive, and expository paragraphs with adequate unity, coherence, and cohesion.

Focus

One way to keep a paragraph focused as you write and to help readers recognize that focus is to state your topic and your main idea or perspective in a single sentence, a topic sentence. As you write, you can use a topic sentence as the focal point for the other sentences in a paragraph. When you revise, you can often easily improve an unfocused paragraph by adding a topic sentence and placing it in an effective position in the paragraph. You can then easily omit or relocate sentences that are not relevant to your topic sentence.

Development

After focusing your paragraphs and making sure they are coherent, you may find that the information they contain isn't quite enough to effectively convey your purpose for writing. The paragraphs may be lacking in information or simply uninteresting. The next step in your writing or revising process is to develop your paragraphs. Paragraph development provides the examples, facts, concrete details, or explanatory statements that make a paragraph informative and validate or support your ideas and opinions.

  

Paragraph Development

A paragraph is a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea or topic. Effective paragraphs have four main characteristics: a topic sentence, unity, coherence, and adequate development.

Unity

Unity refers to the extent to which all of the ideas contained within a given paragraph "hang together" in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. When the writer changes to a new idea -- one which is not consistent with the topic sentence of the paragraph -- the writer should begin a new paragraph. Unity is important because it aids the reader in following along with the writer's ideas. The reader can expect that a given paragraph will deal only with one main topic; when a new paragraph begins, this signals that the writer is moving on to a new topic.

Coherence

Coherence refers to the extent to which the flow of ideas in a paragraph is easily understood by the reader. For this reason, coherence is closely related to unity. When a writer changes main ideas or topics within a paragraph, confusion often results. To achieve coherence, then, a writer should show how all of the ideas contained in a paragraph are relevant to the main topic. When your readers can move from sentence to sentence within a paragraph without any trouble following your train of thought or explanation, the paragraph displays coherence. Lack of coherence means abrupt changes in topic or idea from sentence to sentence (sometimes referred to as “choppy” sentences/paragraphs). It means there is a lack of transitions or other devices to guide readers from statement to statement.

Adequate Development

A paragraph is adequately developed when it describes, explains and supports the topic sentence. If the "promise" of the topic sentence is not fulfilled, or if the reader is left with questions after reading the paragraph, the paragraph has not been adequately developed. Generally speaking, a paragraph which consists of only two or three sentences is under-developed. A good rule of thumb to follow is to make sure that a paragraph contains at least four sentences which explain and elaborate on the topic sentence.

Topic Sentences

Beginning a paragraph with a topic sentence is one of the best ways to achieve clarity and unity in one's writing. The function of a topic sentence is to describe what the paragraph will be about, such that the reader has clear expectations about what will follow. An effective topic sentence typically contains only one main idea. The remainder of the paragraph then develops that idea more fully, offering supporting points and examples. After reading a topic sentence, one should be able to anticipate the type of information contained in the rest of the paragraph. If the remainder of the paragraph does not fulfill the "promise" of the topic sentence, the paragraph will lack unity, coherence and adequate development.

"Describing Me"

ABOUT ME

Well, here I will explain myself to you all, so you know my name, what I like, where I live and my preferred activities, etc.. If there is anything that is not you understand or know about me please comment directly on my blog.

My name is Dyah Ayu Pangastuti, nicknames Dyah or Ayu. I was born on December 17, 1993 and I live in Jln. Madukoro no.19, Tejosari 24 plain.  I am cool, kind, considerate, caring and easy to get along with anyone. I have short hair, a flat nose, brown skin and has a slender body. My friends say that I am kind, funny, and humble. I have a background education in the metro area is the first town I graduated from SMK N 3 metro city, then the SMP N 7 city metro and SD N 9 metro cities whereas now I'm undergoing S1 English Education in Muhammadiyah University of metro cities. I majored in English became my top choice from the first, because I love the English language lessons since being in junior high school until now. Activities on campus makes me quite tiring but I can cope with my hobbies like listening to music and watching TV. Almost every I really love the Bruno Mars with his songs are very nice to hear. For me music is like a friend who was at any time in my life. Music that makes my mind becomes Relax, refreshed and more energize for the activity every day. occasion in between my busy life, I listen to the songs that good to hear. The best thing I ever get is when I visited the place that I have never visited such as Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Solo, Semarang, and Jakarta then soon I will be visiting Bali with my friends. My dream is to be the best teacher for kids that will someday my students later. But all that was needed for the process to the actual teacher. And now I still want to focus first how to be successful and improve my skills in the field of English language, improving my IP, and a student who excel.

That was my biographical data about all the detail is not, and you now know more about me.

Note :

RED                                      :  identification

DARK BLUE                    : description include concluding sentence